🌊 Carbonate Equilibrium Calculator

Calculate carbonate species, fCO2, pH, and saturation states

Salinity (S) PSS-78

Temperature (T) °C (ITS-90)

Pressure (P) dbar

DIC µmol kg⁻¹

Alkalinity (Alk) µeq kg⁻¹

Calculating...

Results

Fugacity of CO₂

µatm

total pH scale

CO₂ Concentration

µmol kg⁻¹

HCO₃⁻ Concentration

µmol kg⁻¹

CO₃²⁻ Concentration

µmol kg⁻¹

Ω Calcite

saturation state

Ω Aragonite

saturation state

Software: eh22tools (Version 1.3, February 2023)
Author: Roberta C. Hamme (University of Victoria)
Reference: Emerson, S. R., and Hamme, R. C. (2022). Chemical Oceanography: Element Fluxes in the Sea. Cambridge University Press.
License: Apache License 2.0
Available from: www.cambridge.org/emerson-hamme